In the beginning of the film 12 Angry Men it takes place in court with a young man on trial for allegedly stabbing his father to death.  There are 12 members of the jury must deliberate with a guilty verdict, in this case would be death.  The beginning vote was 11 votes for guilty and 1 vote not guilty. Number eight wanted to talk about the evidence before jumping into killing a young man with the electric chair. One major piece of evidence was the weapon, the knife is categized at a unique knife, but one member that voted not guilty pulled out the same knife which proves that that knife was not unique in any way.  The other piece of major evidence is a testimony of a women across the street that said she saw the young man kill his father, but later the truth came out that she wears glasses to see but she was not wearing them when she “saw” the young man.  At that point, the other members started to think the young man was not guilty besides one member that had so much hatred for his young man. He wanted to kill this young man because of his race.  There was another conversation about how the father was stab. The father was 6’2” and the stab was downwards, the child is only 5’7”. After demonstrating with the knife anyone shorter than the father it would be impossible to have a downward stab, the grip of the knife would have been to awkward and someone shorter like the kid would have given a upward stab. After talking in a hot room for six days the verdict was not guilty. The member that voted not guilty from the beginning was proud of himself that he just saved a life.

I watched this film in my English class in high school, this film is important to watch because of the American judicial system that regularly points out the faults in the people that the system protects and serves. During this time, it was in a cycle with the origins of the civil rights movement after the disorder of McCarthyism and by the fear of nuclear war. This film stands as a sign to Americans that we have responsibilities, stay unified, and be understanding with one another or the nation will fall. It’s also a public announcement that our democratic system represents someone innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

This class has been a reality check on how media is really affecting us, and we do not even realize how much it is really causing damage to America as a whole. No matter what topic it was I was always learning something that I had to idea. I personally think there should be this kind of class in high school. Young people made bad decision and media really affects us. Kids do not have their frontal lobes developed all the way, so we are more influences during that time.  I personally, learn better with power points on canvas than zoom. I can learn and read over and over again if I needed to and with zoom it’s a one time only and with my dyslexia it’s more difficult for me, but the class was a great learning material that will change my life on how I view the world.

Uses and gratification theory is an audience focused that concentrates on what people do with media, then what media does to people. There are different stages, stage one was in 1944, Herta Hertzog questioned people who listened to soap operas and concluded that they sought three different types of gratification. The three types of gratification emotional, wishful thinking, and learning. In 1954, Wilbur Schramm developed a method for deciding what kind of media an individual might pick. Stage two was in 1989, Jay Blumler and Denis McQuail studied the United Kingdom 1964 election and characterized people’s causes for watching certain political programs on tv. In1974, Blumler and McQuail joined with Micheal Gurevitch, Hadassah Haas, and Elihu Katz to do research on how people viewed mass media. Stage three is based on research today that is foretelling and clarifying possibilities of the theory by associating media usage with individual factors. These factors are cognitive needs, affective needs, personal integrative needs, social integrative needs, and tension free needs.

People use media for acquiring knowledge, information, facts. Now a days, google has all the knowledge. Ask any questions and google will tell you without any time restriction.  People use media and tv to satisfy they emotional needs. Personal Integrative is when people use media to reassure their status, gain credibility, and stabilize. Social Integrative needs is when you go on social media like Facebook, twitter, Tumblr, etc. to satisfy their needs instead of face to face gatherings.  Tension free needs is when people use media to escapism from the real world and to relieve from tension and stress.

In the Henry Jenkins on Participatory Culture screening talks about the history how people has responded to the past. Younger people had a stronger, more academic, and creative life outside of school.  There was a Tory printing press movement that was based on high school kids that were producing publications, hand laying type down and delivering them across the network. Folk culture is when media produces not to make money. People generate media to share it with each other.  For example, clubs there is no expert. Everyone is learning from each other. Fan audience is created because people are not trying to make money, they are trying to tell stories that they are passionate about.

In reading called Fandom it takes about the word “fan” how it started. Fanatic was created in the 19^th century. In the 1915’s, to 1920’s started the “fan films” television wanted to engage the people, they wanted to understand the people’s knowledge.

The United States Constitution guarantees our first amendment right which prohibits any government limiting freedom of religion, expression, peaceful assembly, or the right of citizen to petition the government. The United States population has become more varied. In 2010, 27.6 percent of the population recognizes their race as non-white. In the year of 1999, there was 26 newly published TV programs, none of their programs had an African American in a leading role. This started the NAACP which stands for National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This group support Hispanic Americans that help coordinated protests and boycotts. ABC, CBS, NBC, and Fox wanted to create more of a diverse programming.

In the year of 2002, racial minorities were often lacking, unimportant, or taken on a stereotyped role in films. Studies showed that subgroups are even more diminished in the productive and decision-making positions. This unavailability of representation among creators, journalists, and administrators often affects the way sub racial stereotypes. Even though this stereotyping is in entertainment media, it is also in news reporting’s. Most journalists, editors, and reporters are predominately white.  In the year of 2000, there was 11.6 percent of broadcasting studio staff in the United States that were ethnic minorities. This issue is not improving ever well, in 2008, newsroom census had results of 13.52 percent. The under representation of these people, the news media are led by privileged that give narratives about people that are unprivileged in films that leads to racial stereotypes.

Journalists has a code of ethics such as, present news stories that inform and provide the desires of citizens, present issues equally, present stories in a way that focuses on their complexity, present diverse viewpoints, and observe government and corporations. Even though there are codes in place but not everyone follows the ethics for example, The Huffington Post.  A news website that has over 2,000 bloggers, blogging is sometimes slammed by more traditional journalists for the trend, to include biases, untrustworthy information, and unfounded opinions which would violate the journalistic codes.

The Cultivation Theory was created by George Gerbner and Larry Gross from the University of Pennsylvania they believed that the more time people spend watching television, the more likely they are to believe the social reality portrayed on television.  Which means that heavy television viewers have a stronger opinion for a particular social reality such as violence, prostitution, wealth, and employment. American cartoons and animation movies have benefits, such as teaching children; the values of honesty, courage, and friendship, fairness, and good will triumph over evil. In these cartoons the protagonists often use aggression to beat evil. Violence, sexual category problems, and religious issues show up more in films than we think. Children could easily confuse reality and fantasy, especially in our current society where parents who are busy with work, socializing use video games, and television for their children. This may affect children’s childhood by presenting negative messages.

Most children start watching television at the age of six months, when they are around two or three. The children become enthusiastic viewers. Watching television is not all that bad, children can learn the alphabet, learn about wildlife, but watching too much tv can have a negative effect.  Psychologists believe that children that watch tv for more than 4 hours a day is more likely to be overweight. While kids are watching tv, if they observe aggressive behavior, they may become hostile or they might fear the world.

These cartoons concerns started the AAP in the 1930’s which stands for American Academy of Pediatrics. This group believes that there is a better way to help children learn than watching television. In a recent study, they found out that 90 percent of parents said that their children under the age of two watch one to two hours of some form of electronic media. At the age of three, 1/3^rd of children has a television in their bedroom.

In the mid 1960’s there was research to focus on media effects. Specially, whether watching television influences the audience’s idea and perception of everyday life. This theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and beliefs that they are real or valid. This called the Mean World Syndrome which is the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place than what it is.

Agenda-setting theory is the create public awareness and concern of salient issues by news media. This theory was developed by Dr. Max McCombs and Dr. Donald Shaw in 1968 which was the presidential election. Both Doctors was part of the “Chapel Hill study” which gave them a correlation between one hundred residents of Chapel Hill, in North Carolina. They reported the most important election issue and the local and what the media reported was the most important issues. The research gave two beliefs, the first on is, how the press and the media do not reflect reality. The second was how media focused on a few issues and subjects that lead to the public to receive those issues as more important than other issues.  

Agenda setting goes through a mental process which is called accessibility. Which means the more commonly and significantly the news media covers an issue the more cases that issues become accessible in the audience’s memories.  

A great example of the agenda setting theory is the Clinton scandal and the Watergate scandal.  The Clinton scandal, sexual affair of Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky which was an intern. This created a media frenzy and was sensational news for years. Media gave pages of news about top stories. The media influenced the mindset of people so much and the news got viral to result in a presidential impeachment. The Watergate scandal was exposed by media and was blown out of proportions. The media created different falsehoods such as corruption.

At the end of the day, it is proven that social media may have given people the ability to shut out information. People that are a part of the social network means you could still get affect but those issues by being accidentally exposed to them. Social media now a days is not that reliable anymore especially in politics. I am personally not into politics because it is only hurting yourself and others and for what reason? American is not what picture it would be like. My little cousin has Facebook which I do not think is healthy, posting terrible things about the opposite group. When I was 13, I was not thinking about politics because younger people are so gullible, I would believe what other people would tell me and the chances of it be correct was slim.  Being a teenager is difficult, our frontal lobe is not fully developed which controls a lot of decision making, our sexuality, and may more things. When I was 13, I didn’t know what I wanted, among many other people which is why everyone has “stages” of what we want to be because we are trying to find our true self’s. It is hard for younger people to learn to not always believe in what you heard because media is trying to push you to believe in something that may not be the full truth.  

Media gatekeeping theory helps decides what information should move pass through the “gate”. The gatekeepers are a high level, data decision makers who control information flow to the entire social system. The gatekeepers are programmed to tell the difference between the two types of content so that the only preferred data points are consumed by people. These gatekeepers have the role of a watchdog with society and simply playing into the audience’s confirmation bias.

Spiral of silence is a political science and mass communication theory that was proposed by a German political scientist named Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.  A social group or society might isolate or exclude members due to the members’ opinions. The fear of isolation consequently leads to remaining silent instead of voicing opinions.

The founder of the Cultivation theory is George Gerbner, he proposed the long-term effects of television. This theory declares that the more time people spend in the “television world”, the more likely they will believe social reality supports with reality that is reveals on television.  Gerbner believes that television was responsible for shaping viewers perceptions of social reality over time. This started the Mean World Syndrome, the heavy watchers (four or more hours) are more likely to view the world more dangerous than the light watchers which views less than two hours.

The Mean World Syndrome, I can relate. I am the baby in the family, my father was always worried about me. I could not walk alone; I could not go to my friends parties.  He was always worried that something could happen. I could get raped, I could get murdered, or I could get kidnapped. Even to this day my dad was pushing me to get a boyfriend so he could “protect” me at college. Like I get that parents worry, but it gets to the point where it is not healthy for either of us for him to worry nonstop.

Agenda setting theory was created in 1972, The media has a strong effect on what people think, media highlights certain events repeatedly which creates a sense of urgency about issues. It is a relationship between what the people think and what the mass media is telling us. The ability for news media to influence the importance placed on the topics of the public agenda.

The use and gratifications is an approach to understanding why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific needs. Its based on the socio-psychological communication tradition and focuses on communication at the mass media scale. In 1944, there was forms of uses and gratifications. There question was why people choose specific types of media. Herzog interviewed soap opera fans and developed three categories based on people that listened to soap operas. There was the emotional, wishful thinking, and learning.  In 1954, there was a dispute about people actively looked to satisfy their needs based on an order. Wilbur Schramm developed a method for determining on which form of mass media a person would select, this would help decide on the amount of gratification. A person would expect to benefit from the media and how much effort they had to make to achieve gratification. The modern applications of uses and gratifications is cellphones is the new technology that people are attached to. People use this technology because of fondness and sociability, entertainment, psychological reassurance, fashion, mobility, and immediate access.

The documentary called “This Film is Not Yet Rated” is based on sexual content movies that are given harsh ratings. In 1915 there was a court case called Mutual Film Corp V. Industrial Comm’n of Ohio, the court outright movie censorship. Films were banned from being shown but years later the court reviewed and realized it violated our First Amendment.

In 1999 the motion industry had a group of parents that would rate movies to help other parents what movies should and should not be watched by kids. G stands for general audiences which means no swearing, no sex, no drugs, violence was to be cartoonish. PG stands for parental guidance it can have swearing some minor nudity, and light violence. PG-13 stands for parents strongly cautioned, this has a lot of the word “shit” and allowed to say fuck once. R stands for restricted no children 17 or under, these films have sex themes, sex talk, sexualized nudity, tough language, tough violence. If there is sex it must be missionary. Nc-17 stands for no children 17 or under, these movies will not be released, sex is a problem, but violence was not the problem on why this women’s film was rated Nc-17.  Film makers has no freedom. If film makers do not accept the rating, then they cannot advertise.

In the 1990’s a parent tried to sue a California movie theater because a 13-year-old went to watch a rated R movie called “Dead Presidents”, but the complaint was dismissed.  The Hays Code was from 1930 to 1968, the Motion Picture Production Code banned lustful kissing, Illegal drug use, Interracial romance, detailed depiction of crime. The words like God and Jesus Christ were banned as well.  In 1968 the first MPAA ratings were created. G was General Audiences, M was mature audiences, R was restricted, and X was no more under 16 admitted. The first movie to be rated R was in 1968 called “the Split”. In 1972 the M rating was changed to PG, in 1984 the PG-13 rating was created.  The first movie that was rated Pg-13 was called “The Flamingo kid” in 1984, in the late 1980s the X rating was replaced with NC-17 in 1990. The movie called “Henry and June” was the first to be rated NC-17.

I feel like this rating movie system is not working anymore. In today’s world kids are raising themselves, little kids are playing killing games that aren’t cartoon form every day, I know some that are saying the word fuck at four years old because their parents are saying it or they heard it from a game or movies. I have been bringing their kids to a rated R movie in the movie theater and the workers let them. Kids might not fully understand what’s happenings, but they are stilled influenced. I remember when I was a child, I was not allowed to do any missions the first GTA which had terrible graphics, the blood was more cartoonish. My father thought I would turn in to a bad child, looking back on that I find funny because now kids are now playing there 4K modern warfare, or other first-person shooting games. Now a days there isn’t a lot of movies that do not have nudity or swearing.  

In 1891, Thomas Edison with an assistant named William Dickson created the kinetoscope.  The kinetoscope is a cabinet with a window through which individuals would experience the illusion of a moving image. The celluloid film strip is a sequence of images that are one a rapidly spined between a light bulb and a lens that created the illusion of motion. Edison Company began installing machines in hotel lobbies, parks, and penny arcades. Customers paid 25 cents for the admission.  In 1895, the brothers patented the cinematographe which is a lightweight film projector that could function as a camera and a printer, which was easy for outdoor filming. In December of 1895, was the first worlds commercial film screening, the sequence was about 10 short scene long.  Edison’s company also, purchased the right to improve projector that they call Vitascope.  

Nickelodeon was named because the admission casted 5 cents. Between the years of 1904 to 1908 about 9,000 nickelodeons appeared in the United States. The popularity of nickelodeon established film as a mass entertainment medium.  The peak of nickelodeon was 1910, there were about 20 companies in the United States. In the 1908, The leading 10 companies are Edison, Biograph, vitagraph, and other formed MPPC. Which stands for Motion Picture Patents Company. The MPPC’s goal is the standardize the industry and shut down the competition through monopolistic control.

One filmmaker transforms the silent film into an art and to unlock its potential as a medium of serious expression and persuasion. D.W. Griffith entered the film industry as an actor in 1907, he practiced parallel editing. Which is a film that alternates between two or more scenes of action, this could create an illusion of simultaneity. By 1915, most of the major film’s studios had moved to Hollywood. During the Golden Age of Hollywood, the major studios controlled every aspect the movie industry.

The products of mass culture, movies reflect cultural attitudes, trends and concerns, D.W. Griffith’s film The Birth of a Nation  presenting a racist perspective on the U.S. Civil War and it’s the aftermath, reflected racist concerns of the era in which it was produced. During the World War II, films reflected the patriotic sentiments of this time.  During the 1960’s to the 1970’s was the rise of the youth culture, movies adopted more liberal stances towards sexuality and violence. In the late 1970’s was the introduction of the VCR. The VCR was replaced by the DVD technology, which ends up being replaced by the Blu-ray Disc technology. DVD sales and rentals account for about a third of film revenues.

There are two types of television systems, the mechanical television developed out of Nipkow’s disc system.  In 1926, was the world’s first public demonstration of a television system in London. The mechanical rotating disks to scan moving images into electrical impulses. These images were always slightly fuzzy, the use of a spinning disk limited the number of new pictures that could be seen per second. Electronic television system was based on the CRT, the electronic bean could scan a picture in horizontal lines.

The Reading Social Media and the “Spiral of Silence” by Keith N. Hampton, Lee Rainie, Weixu Lu, Maria Dwyer, Inyoung Shin, and Kristen Purcell. That was published on August 26, 2014. This reading provides evidence of social media and how spiral of silence plays apart in social platforms. Spiral of silence is a communication theory that a social group would isolate or exclude members due to different opinions, individuals fear of isolation, which leads to silence instead of voicing opinions. There was an 1,801 adult survey which focused on Edward Snowden’s phone and email records based the 2013 revelations of widespread government surveillance of Americans. The results showed that Americans were divided. Some people believed that the NSA contractor’s leaked about surveillance and whether it was justified. 86% of Americans were more wiling to talk about the surveillance program in person, and 42% of people were willing to post their opinions on Facebook and Twitter. People that use Facebook and other social media platforms were more willing to share their opinions if there were more people that agreed. Social media is not a common source of news.  15% of people got some information on Facebook, only 3% of people got some information of Twitter, but 58% of adults got some information from Tv or the radio.  

People that have Facebook can understand how there is some great, positive reasons of having social media and then there’s negatives. People can keep in touch, you can message someone that is across the world, you can video chat. You can share with others, sharing thoughts and ideas. You can organize events and sell products. Facebook can be a time waste, privacy issues, there’s security loopholes for personal details shared through social feeds. Freedom of expression, anyone can post what they want, most of time its offensive and inappropriate content.  There’s cyberbullying, there’s various reported cases that people committed suicide after being cyberbullying through social accounts. Facebook is a major target for advertising, there’s information stored in each 2profile that can build an advertising service. There are fake profiles, some people’s profiles either get hacked or there are fake accounts. There is a lot fake news on Facebook, instead of being culpable or not believing anything. It is not hard to google to fine a reliable source.

The film Generation Like talks about today’s internet and what teenagers are doing and how its affect the internet and companies. Teenagers today are putting themselves out there on an online profile for everyone to see.  A group of teenagers said that your profile is how you want people to see you and the cover photo shows your personality. The likes, follow, retweets show what is cool it shows a vulnerability for companies to take advantage of it. This is the biggest transformation with communicating with consumers in our lifetime. Companies can track people movements what they like and who their closest friends are. Also, they are taking that data and turning it into money. Teenagers do not understand the value in pictures and getting people to like their posts.  Sending a tweet, you are helping raise the value of twitter around 30 billion dollars, Facebook is around 142.23 billion its base on the volume of likes they can generate.

The film called The Facebook dilemma talks about how Facebook disrupted the democracy. Sandberg’s team started t develop new ways to collect personal data from users wherever they went on the internet and when they were not on the internet at all. There are data broker companies, at most Americans are not aware of. These companies go out and but data from every single one of us , what we buy, where we shop, where we live, what our traffic patterns, what our families are doing, what our likes are, what magazines we read. People do not even know that this process is happening, and this data is collected for the rest of our lives. This is now being shared with Facebook so Facebook can target ads. A law student in Austria got a copy of all his data which was over 1,000 pages, the most sensitive information for him was his messages with other people. Just because he deletes important information in these messages it came back up, there was messages about love, sexuality, anything. Facebook tries to give people the impression what you share is only with friends but, Facebook is always watching.

Internet is one of the worlds primary source of communication and information over the years the internet has evolved but there are some concepts that stay the same. The persistence of the internet and the rules of communication for computers. This is also called protocols which was created by computer scientists to assist and control online communication for example, Facebook. People can communicate with each other but only through acceptance of protocols.   

In the early 1970’s, a corporation called RAND created the hub-and- spoke model which allowed users to send secure voices messages. It was called the hub-and -spoke because the telephone operator (hub) would connect two people (spoke) directly. During the Cold War, the United States military was concerned about a nuclear attack destroying this model.  1973, the development of the early internet called (ARPANET), there were four hosts UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara, and the University if Utah. Today, the internet has over a half of million hosts. Hosts can use protocols to be able to connect to the network of computers. In 1974, came about the TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) gateway. It’s like a postal service, without a specific address (IP address) you can’t contact that computer. The TCP is an important development for the interlinking of networks.

Email was originally an electronic message that were recorded on a computer system. Everyone had their personal folder, if you wanted to send a message you would create it in their folder.  Once the internet started to evolve email became more difficult.  Ray Tomlinson developed a system with using the @ symbol to indicate what server such as outlook, gmail, yahoo, etc.

In the 1989’s, Tim Berners-Lee and a software engineer worked together to design a different protocol to distribute documents and information throughout the local network.  Which is called the Web 1.0 this internet is creating a hypertext language (HTML) which goes above and beyond the boundaries of a single document like before. Tim Berners-Lee created his own browser named America Online. This service engages over 20,000 people, AOL had a chat room and instant messenger.

Social media can be a good thing, you can keep in touch with people within the whole world and blogs are speeding up the information on the internet which gives us a range of opinions, but news organizations can harness the bloggers sources of real time news which solves a problem that called crowdsourcing. With a positive there has to be a downside, which is news aggregators google news makes a profit off of taking journalists stories and linking them to newspapers or advertising  but they keep their profits it is not shared with the journalists.

The film Generation Like talks about todays internet and what teenagers are doing and how its affect the internet and companies. Teenagers today are putting themselves out there on an online profile for everyone to see.  A group of teenagers said that your profile is how you want people to see you and the cover photo shows your personality. The likes, follow, retweets show what is cool it shows a vulnerability for companies to take advantage of it. This is the biggest transformation with communicating with consumers in our lifetime. Companies can track people movements what they like and who their closest friends are. Also, they are taking that data and turning it into money. Teenagers do not understand the value in pictures and getting people to like their posts.  Sending a tweet, you are helping raise the value of twitter around 30 billion dollars, Facebook is around 142.23 billion its base on the volume of likes they can generate.

When I was a child advertising on tv was heavy. I wanted all the toys, but my parents told me what you get is not what is showing. The dolls are not moving by themselves, so the toys did not cool after all. Years past and I got a camera for Christmas, I would record myself is a goofy way on what is happening in my life every day. I loved being in pictures, I wanted that fame. Then I got a flip phone to take photos of other people or myself and those moments were pretty funny, I was cute and my voice was adorable when I look back on the videos, it truly showed how comfortable I was with myself the confidence of what I wore or what I was doing. At that age it did not matter what was cool or not it was based on your likes.  When I got older, I was the shy girl. I did not have a lot of friends and in 5^th grade when I found out I had genetic cancer on top of my dyslexia. My confidence went down, I hit rock bottom at such a young age. I was bullied because I was different, and I hated myself I did not want to be at school, nor did I want to show my face around anyone I knew. At the point of my life I was not on any social media there was no way for me to connect without anyone behind a screen. By the time I was in middle school, even the school treated me different and I was pissed about it so I changed how they treated me I fought for what I wanted and knew I could do it. Those years I had some friends but I only had friends because of the bad life choices I made which made me look cool but after on in my years I had a bad reputation even though other people weren’t doing it but I wasn’t getting a lot of likes on my Instagram or Facebook so it was an negative affect on me than someone that’s getting hundreds of likes.

When I look at today with social media, we are not respecting each other there is always some trash talk on news, memes, social media, advertising, and much more. It is sad to think that we, Americans cannot get along as a country. Social media, or the news is not helping the situation either, we lost an Alfred university student because of it and it’s only hurt ourselves.  We might as well be at war with each other, America has not what I imagined when I was a kid.  

Post-modernism is reaction against the intellectual assumption and values of the modern period. It’s also described at denial of the general philosophical viewpoints that were taken for granted in the 18^th century (enlightenment). Some of these viewpoints are, the logical independent of human beings such as their minds, their cultures and their social practice. Postmodernists terminate the idea as a kind of native realism. Postmodern denials the viewpoint of descriptive and explanatory statements of scientists and historians, they say that there is no such thing as the truth.

 Why can’t teachers use post-modern popular culture television shows like Buffy, The Simpsons, Desperate Housewives.  These shows are not only contemporarily appropriate for variety of cultural and socio-political, but they are also funny and interesting way for people to not experiencing different cultures. People could be more aware of feminism, patriarchy, and sexuality, this is important to learn before being out on your own. You can be more aware to other preferences and for yourself. Schools were not letting students learn about the variety of cultures but later, the Buffy the Vampire Slayer is now studied across many schools especially universities worldwide.  Buffy describes a world where the nation of an old-style superhero that is overthrown. The gender characters are challenged, and the females are the “heroes” that wears the honored symbol of a third-wave feminist. The “power” is place upon a woman which is an important to view as a woman.  Before 1848 men had the power and women were the maids, they would have the power they wouldn’t be the main characters. So, viewing Buffy that focuses on women in power is a life changer.

The film called the Pioneers of television: Funny Ladies, gave a life story of many successful women that made a change to shows. Mary Tyler Moore always wanted to express herself, her life began in a dance studio, her dreams faced a major obstacle in Hollywood. She started out with small acting roles, but it didn’t bring her fame. There was a show called “The Dick Van Dyke Show” Moore thought she couldn’t do it, she felt very sorry for herself until one of her friends talking some sense into her. Right away she got that role. Marla Gibbs you can get laughing while making a point, she started her life as small timer on The Jeffersons, then she became a starring role on television. She became the first African American women to have a creative control over her own sitcom. Carol Bunett was a nobody, until she wrote a song about John Foster Dulles then she became a known person. With comedies you must tell the truth, that’s what comedies are all about. These women opened doors for women everywhere, no matter what they never broke up the purpose. Together they refined the role of women in comedy. The budge for each show was a $1.95, that’s crazy to think about, today its millions for a movie or shows.

For me, watching this film the little clips made me laugh and I wish I was there back in the day to experience watching these shows. women made a change in society which changed the world forever.